Contusions

A brain contusion is a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) characterized by bruising of the brain tissue, often resulting from blunt force trauma. In children, contusions may result from falls, road traffic accidents, or sports-related head injuries, and are often more serious than concussions due to the risk of intracerebral bleeding, swelling, and increased intracranial pressure. In Bangladesh, many cases of pediatric brain contusions go undiagnosed or improperly managed, especially in rural areas where access to specialized neurosurgical care is limited. Prompt diagnosis and expert management by a pediatric neurosurgeon like Dr. Md. Nafaur Rahman is critical to prevent long-term complications and ensure the child’s neurological development is preserved. What is a Brain Contusion? A brain contusion is a localized injury to the brain tissue resulting in bleeding and swelling (edema) within the brain parenchyma. It is the brain equivalent of a deep bruise and is commonly seen in areas where the brain strikes the skull during impact—such as the frontal and temporal lobes. Brain contusions often occur with skull fractures, hematomas, or diffuse axonal injury, and may worsen over time due to secondary brain swelling. Common Causes of Brain Contusions in Bangladeshi Children Falls from rooftops, trees, or stairs Motorcycle, rickshaw, or pedestrian accidents Sports injuries during football, cricket, or running Domestic accidents such as falling furniture Physical abuse or shaken baby syndrome Birth trauma in neonates (rare but possible) Symptoms of Brain Contusion in Children Depending on severity and location, symptoms may include: Altered consciousness or prolonged drowsiness Headache, nausea, or vomiting Seizures (fits) Loss of balance or coordination Behavioral changes or irritability Slurred speech or difficulty understanding Weakness in arms or legs Memory loss or confusion In infants, symptoms may be subtle, such as poor feeding, irritability, or bulging of the fontanelle (soft spot on the head). Diagnosis of Brain Contusion Prompt imaging is crucial to assess the severity of a brain contusion. Dr. Md. Nafaur Rahman performs: Non-contrast CT Scan of the brain – First-line and most effective tool to detect hemorrhage and swelling MRI Brain – For detailed imaging, especially for smaller or evolving contusions Neurological assessment – To track consciousness, cranial nerve function, and limb strength Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring – In severe or worsening cases Management of Brain Contusion by Dr. Md. Nafaur Rahman 1. Observation and Medical Management (for mild to moderate contusions): Hospital observation for 24–72 hours Strict bed rest and neuro-monitoring Intravenous fluids and antiepileptic medications Mannitol or hypertonic saline for reducing brain swelling Antibiotics if there is an associated open head injury or CSF leak 2. Neurosurgical Intervention (for severe or worsening contusions): Craniotomy to evacuate large contusions or hematomas Decompressive craniectomy in cases of raised intracranial pressure Insertion of external ventricular drain (EVD) if hydrocephalus develops Repair of skull fractures or dural tears as necessary Dr. Nafaur ensures minimally invasive techniques, child-friendly care, and postoperative neurorehabilitation for full recovery. Complications of Untreated or Severe Contusions Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) Seizures or post-traumatic epilepsy Brain herniation (life-threatening) Cognitive and behavioral deficits Speech or motor impairment Coma or death in severe untreated cases Long-term Care and Rehabilitation Pediatric brain contusion survivors may need: Physiotherapy and occupational therapy Speech-language therapy Behavioral and psychological support Academic support and special education planning Regular follow-ups are essential to monitor neurodevelopmental milestones. Why Early Neurosurgical Evaluation Is Crucial in Bangladesh In Bangladesh, many families delay medical care due to lack of awareness or access. However, early evaluation by a pediatric neurosurgeon can prevent complications, minimize hospital stay, and optimize outcomes. Dr. Md. Nafaur Rahman is a trusted name in pediatric neurosurgery in Bangladesh, offering modern, evidence-based care for all forms of pediatric head injury, including contusions. Why Choose Dr. Md. Nafaur Rahman? Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, NINS Chief Consultant, Bangladesh Paediatric Neurocare Centre Specialist in pediatric head trauma and TBI management Offers 24/7 emergency care and neurosurgical support Facilities for CT/MRI, ICP monitoring, neurorehab under one roof Appointment & Contact 📌 Dr. Md. Nafaur Rahman Assistant Professor, Pediatric Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital (NINS) Chief Consultant, Bangladesh Paediatric Neurocare Centre 📞 For Appointment / Emergency: 📱 +8801912988182 | +8801607033535 🌐 Visit: www.neurosurgeonnafaur.com